In this paper, I address the issue of the possible applicability of the ideas of Karl R. Popper’s social and political philosophy in the contemporary political life of postcolonial countries. Through reference to the reception of Popper’s philosophy in Central and Eastern Europe, I argue that Popper’s writings were effective in catalysing the political wholesale transformation by undermining Marxists’ pretensions to scientific status rather than through his anti-utopian and anti-revolutionary political recommendations. In the context of attempts to apply Popper’s ideas in postcolonial countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa, I claim that the influence of Popper’s social thought on the politics of those countries may not be as effective as expected or desired.

GLOBALIZATION, as the most important change at recent age, depends on developing of science, technology and information. It has several effects on aspects of human activities such as social and political studies and changing ideas. Moreover, power, the central concept in politics, has confronted different approaches. So, any subject, e.g. political development, needs re-definition and re-explanation. It includes three subjects: its necessity, the differences between government and governance, and organizing of governance. Governance evolves all factors which relates in political development in a global domain. As a result, people, political institutions, governments and non- governmental organizations participate in policy making process by considering national, local, International and global orientations. Accordingly, there are some non-reductionism theories for development.

Contemporary societies are inadvertently exposed to the conditions that have emerged through the complex process of GLOBALIZATION, and their various areas such as economics, culture and politics are influenced by it. As glocal phenomena, New Religious Movements (NRMs) use opportunities arising from GLOBALIZATION to advance their goals, and are subject to the transformation of their teachings through global interactions. Thus, there is no way to talk about NRMs without considering global perspective. Many of the NRMs in Japan, in the context of IT Revolution and exposure to global information exchanges in the globalized world, have adapted themselves to GLOBALIZATION requirements, and even if in some cases (such as Aum Shinrikyō ) have taken steps against it, they have used its capacities at the same time. Some of the emerging NRMs in the post-Aum era (such as Kagamikyō ), seeking a combination of the global identity and local identity, have emerged as global super-religions, adapted to the demands of GLOBALIZATION. They also have focused on both the religious and the secular in both local and global arenas.

Purpose: The present research aimed at finding an answer to the question of the process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in the future, and the influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, the poet, the media that published the poem, the process of composing the poem, the rights of the author, and GLOBALIZATION of the Iranian poetry. Method: The Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in the fields of Communication and Literature was selected. The expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, and by the execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering the content, the experts predicted that due to the impact of cyberspace, the quality of the poetry will be reduced and consequently, the language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect the daily events of life. Regarding the audience, they concluded that the audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between the public and professional audience. With respect to the sender, there will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding the channel, the experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, the poets’ agency in publishing their own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that the spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is the only case in which the group believes in the impact of technology on the future of poetry. The group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding the impact of technology on the phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and the GLOBALIZATION of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed these items in the framework of the human agency.

This paper is written to light economic, cultural, communiction and political managment"s layers in GLOBALIZATION dircation. Economic"s layer of GLOBALIZATION is explained under title of upper layer of this process in two ways:1. New space regions systems. 2. World"s companies, and also descriped that in both kinds of less effection of geographical boundaries on economic prossesses and the creation of economic weightless. Cultural layer is about two sightseeings: 1- Colaption of nationality. 2.lntention to global popular culture with a liberal democractic characteristics. The layer of information"s communication as main major of world revolutions in the cultural, social and political domains tells a new description of distance with a practical nature. The layer of political management of the world with a different nature from international organizations which is based on nation-states has a decision to find a popular solution to formation of global civilized society.

Neil Lunt and Russel Mannion provide an overview of the current state of the medical tourism literature and propose areas for future research in health policy and management. The authors also identify the main unanswered questions in this field ranging from the real size of the medical tourism market to the particular health profiles of transnational patients. In addition, they highlight unexplored areas of research from health economics, ethics, policy and management perspectives. To this very insightful editorial I would add the international trade perspective. While GLOBALIZATION has permeated labor and capital, services such as healthcare are still highly regulated by governments, constrained to regional or national borders and protected by organized interests. Heterogeneity of healthcare regulations and lack of cross-country reciprocity agreements act as barriers to the development of more widespread and dynamic medical tourism markets. To picture these barriers to transnational health services I use evidence from North America, identifying different “pull and push factors” for medical tourist in this region, discussing how economic integration and healthcare reform might shift the incentives to utilize healthcare abroad.

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) are two of the most visible international economic institutions today. But, they are aften associated with two diametrically opposed players in the global economy. The WTO with the savage rules of the market and OPEC with the demonized intergovernmental manipulation of prices. OPEC has pivotal role as the forum for the negotiations, regulation of petroleum supplies and ultimately of prices and the role of the WTO as a foremost forum of negotiations and regulations of trade in virtually all tradable items at large. This article inquires some lights on the issue of whether the multilateral trading system has any room to accommodate OPEC as an organization and to analyze the interface between these two organizations in the existing international economic order and their respective roles over the petroleum industry.

Qur'anic GLOBALIZATION means the expansion of general and eternal concepts, teachings, and rules, which, as a series of precise programs and laws in accordance with nature, considers the general guidance of humanity centered on monotheism with a comprehensive view of all aspects of man and the universe. The belief in the ultimate truth of religion and the logical arguments of spiritualism and revelatory rationality in social relations are the foundations of this GLOBALIZATION. The Qur'anic teachings have created a great deal of potential for this process by referring to coherent and unique principles that has a monotheistic and integrated view of the universe. The mechanisms provided by the Qur'an for the inclusion of its divine and human values, according to the basic principles, are profoundly different from what is considered in GLOBALIZATION in today's literature in terms of worldview, adaptation to nature, attention to individual and social dimensions, etc. This paper seeks to explain the comprehensive view of the Qur'an in comparison with its today's equivalent concepts, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, while using and paying attention to verses and interpretations of the Qur'an.